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Understanding Non-State Actors aims to reduce the scarcity of academic literature on armed non-state actors (NSAs) that have always been a part of world politics and wars. This monograph offers, possibly for the first time, a systematic historical review as well as a substantive theory of NSAs and their arming efforts. The world has been astonished by the ability of the well-armed Hamas to inflict heavy losses on the powerful Israel. Thus, from the Jewish rebellion against Rome to the war between the Ukrainian separatists and the Ukrainian government, NSAs' weapons acquisition has been vital for the build-up of their force, enabling both the employment of that force and its sustainability. While weapons are not necessarily the most important factor in military build-up, NSAs need weapons to fight, and revolts usually erupt after the organizers have acquired a certain number of weapons. Conversely, many revolts lose momentum and operations are not carried out, or turn ineffective, due to shortages of arms and ammunition. A major theme of this monograph is that in spite of dramatic political and technological changes, armed NSAs in different periods have employed similar methods to acquire weapons. Self-production, looting and stealing, external support, and the arms trade were always the major ways for NSAs to acquire weapons, though the importance of each method and the type of arms has changed remarkably over time. Understanding Non-State Actors discusses the factors - political, social, cultural, technological, and organizational - that have both facilitated and constrained the ability of NSAs to acquire arms. Especially, lecturers and students of Military, Terrorism, Conflict studies, War and peace studies will benefit from this study.

Non-state actors (International relations) --- Al Qaeda. --- Guerrilla. --- ISIS. --- Non-state-actors. --- Terror. --- Weapons.

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Islamic history --- Islam --- Islamism --- September 11 2001 --- Osama bin Laden --- al Qaeda --- jihad --- Sadam Hussein --- Christianity --- Afghanistan --- Pakistan --- Iraq --- jihadi recruitment --- politics

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Though terrorist groups are a fixture of contemporary politics and warfare, the world has never witnessed the degree of sheer brutality demonstrated by the group known as ISIS - the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant. Its sadistic disregard for human life, sophisticated use of social media, acquisition of territory, and ability to attract foreign fighters is unprecedented. The authors analyze the tools ISIS uses both to frighten innocent citizens and lure new soldiers, and offer practical ideas on potential government responses.

I.S. (ORGANIZATION) --- JIHAD --- TERRORISM--RELIGIOUS ASPECTS--ISLAM --- TERRORISM--MIDDLE EAST --- Al Qaeda in Iraq --- the rise of ISIS --- foreign fighters --- Jihad --- the AQ-ISIS war --- ISIS's psychological warfare --- terror

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Discussions about the meaning of terrorism are enduring in everyday language, government policy, news reporting, and international politics. And disagreements about both the definition and the class of violent events that constitute terrorism contribute to the difficulty of formulating effective responses aimed at the prevention and management of the threat of terrorism and the development of counterterrorism policies. Constructions of Terrorism collects works from the leading scholars on terrorism from an array of disciplines-including communication, political science, sociology, global studies, and public policy-to establish appropriate research frameworks for understanding how we construct our understanding of terrorism.

Terrorism --- Social aspects. --- academic. --- al-qaeda. --- communication. --- counterinsurgency. --- counterterrorism. --- global studies. --- global. --- government. --- international. --- journalism. --- language. --- middle east. --- middle eastern. --- policy making. --- policy. --- political science. --- political. --- politics. --- public policy. --- reporting. --- scholarly. --- scholarship. --- sociology. --- terrorism. --- terrorist groups. --- terrorist. --- violence.

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apocalyptic worldview --- Book of Revelation --- terrorism --- peaceful apocalypticism --- radical apocalypticism --- Al Qaeda --- Sunni radical apocalypticism --- Islamic State --- ISIS --- ISIL --- Christian Identity teaching --- radical apocalyptic terrorism --- humanpox --- green fire --- eco-terrorism --- eco-activism --- Armageddon --- peace --- sarin --- Aum Shinrikyo (オウム真理教) --- Japan